The post Anadolu Haritası appeared first on Emre Gurcay Collection.

Lorenz (Laurent) Fries was born in Alsace in 1490 or thereabouts, describing himself on one occasion as from Colmar, one of the towns of the region. He studied medicine at university, or rather at universities, as he seems to have had a peripatetic education, apparently spending time at the universities of Pavia, Piacenza, Montpellier and Vienna. Having successfully completed his education, Fries established himself as a physician, at a succession of places in the Alsace region, with a short spell in Switzerland, before settling in Strasbourg, in about 1519. By this time, he had established a reputation as a writer on medical topics, with several publications already to his credit. Indeed, it was thus that Fries met the Strasbourg printer and publisher Johann Grüninger, an associate of the St. Die group of scholars formed by, among others, Walter Lud, Martin Ringmann and Martin Waldseemuller. Gruninger was responsible for printing several of the maps prepared by Waldseemuller, and for supervising the cutting of the maps for the 1513 edition of Ptolemy, edited by the group. This meeting was to introduce a important digression into Fries’ life, and for the next five years, from about 1520 to about 1525, he worked in some capacity as a cartographic editor with Gruninger, exploiting the corpus of material that Waldseemuller had created. Claudius Ptolemy ( arround 100- 160 a.C.)
Geographia, gives a list of geographic coordinates of spherical longitude and latitude of almost ten thousand point locations on the earth surface, as they were known at his times. The list is organized in Tabulae which cor- respond to specific regions of the three known continents at that time, Africa, Asia and Europe. Research on Ptolemy’s Geographia has started at the University of Thessaloniki, Greece, in the eighties, focused mainly, but not exclusively, on data re- lated to territories which are now under the sovereignty of the modern Greek state. The World of Ptolemy is classified in Regions, since each Chapter is referred to one of them, giving by this way the concept of Atlas as it is understood today.

The post Anadolu Haritası appeared first on Emre Gurcay Collection.

From the pocket atlas “Theatro del Mondo”.
Abraham Ortelius, who came from an Augsburg family, was born in Antwerpen, which was Spanish at that time and the most famous trading center of Europe. He remained there all his life. After a good education in arts, languages, mathematics and sciences he joined the “Lukasgilde of Antwerpen” as a map-drawer in 1547. 1554 he took over an antique shop and colored, edited and sold maps and books. In this year – at the bookfair in Frankfurt – he made the acquaintance of a famous man of his time: Gerhard Mercator (1512- 1594); who gave him the idea of edging and producing maps by himself. They became friends a lifelong. Ortelius first own work is a large map of the world in 8 sheets, which appeared 1564 in Antwerpen, followed by a map of 2 sheets of Egypte (1565) and another of Asia (1567)His really big chance came through a friend, J. Rademaker, who was acquainted to a very successful merchant – Aegidius Hooftman. Times were hard, everywhere campains and unrests. Hooftmann , as a trader, was very troubled by these, so he constantly investigated the safest routes through the country. In his office he stored a lot of maps and geographical descriptions in different sizes of sheets and rolls, which were difficult to handle. At this time there were already collections of maps like these of the Italian Lafreri, bur they contained only maps of different sizes and also often maps of one country by different mapmakers.So Ortelius was the first who had the idea to produce a handy collection of only one size and by only one mapmaker – for only one country. The idea of the first atlas was born. Mercator, who also started in 1569 to draw an atlas of the

world, persuaded his friend to publish his Theatrum Orbis Terrarum For 10 years Ortelius travelled, collected, corresponded and negotiated until he finally was able to start the edition at the best printers – Plantijn in Amsterdam. Besides difficulties in printing he had to deal with political and religious conditions. This was the time of Inquistion. All printings, also maps were censored. Certain coats of arms and heraldic figures were suspicious and not allowed to print, biblical scenes were welcome..
The first edition of Theatrum consisted of 70 maps on 53 sheets, which were engraved
in copper by Frans Hogenberg. It appeared in 1570. Already in the same year the second edition was published, containing now 91 instead of 87 records of carthographers. Ortelius showed every name of his authors if possible. This “Catalogus Autorum” showed also the names of mapmakers, who were known to him. In later editions this catalogue grew more and more voluminous. So it consisted in 1595 of 155 maps Besidethe new editions about 750 Additamenta were issued – additions to atlas editions and also about 600 Parergons,
which consisted of reconstructed maps, originating from antiquity. We know his editions in different languages; Latin 1570 – 1612, Dutch 1571, 1598, German 1572 – 1602, French 1572 – 1598, Spanish 1588 – 1612, English 1606, Italian 1608 and 1612.
One posthumous edition, still prepared for printing by himself, appeared in 1598.The next edition which appeared in 1601 had started still at his lifetime, but can’t be regarded as his own work. This edition contained 121 maps and 40 maps in the Parergon”.The number of the names of carthographers had increased to 183. Since 1570 altogether 41 editions appeared, including those in foreign languages.In 1576 and later a pocket-sized edition of the “Theatrum” was published, which got different names: Epitome, Enchiridon,
Spieghel, Le Miroir etc. They appeared until 1724.In the year 1575 Philipp II of Spain
appointed Abraham Ortelius to the rank of “His Majesties Royal Cartographer”.Ortelius’ work includes also a description of his travels all over the Netherlands, Belgie, France ,
England and Germany , which appeared in 1575, being a source of the history of these
countries. We know, that he was in command of all these languages, also of Latin, Italian and some Spanish, a fact, that helped him with the text on the backside of the maps – together with many authors he worked with.
“Theatrum Orbis Terrarum” – the first atlas ever to appear – is regarded as a turning-point in the history of carthography – the time of the old famous “Mappa Mundi” is finished now, being cut now into single maps. The atlas “Theatrum” showed clearly the new way: many
reliable single maps, performing together a coherent geographical picture of the world. The “ Theatrum “ contained also an aspect of spectacular importance: It showed
America, clearly being an independent continent: there was no connection between the northern part of it with Asia.

The post Anadolu Haritası appeared first on Emre Gurcay Collection.

Fries’ next project was a new edition of the Geographia of Claudius Ptolemy, which was published by Johann Grüninger in 1522. Fries evidently edited the maps, in most cases simply producing a reduction of the equivalent map from Waldseemüller’s 1513 edition of the Geographie Opus Novissima, printed by Johann Schott. Fries also prepared three new maps for the Geographia, of Southeast Asia and the East Indies, China, and the world, but the geography of these derives from Waldseemüller’s world map of 1507.
The 1522 edition of Fries’ work is very rare, suggesting that the work was not commercially successful. In 1525, an improved edition was issued, with a re-edit of the text by Willibald Pirkheimer, from the notes of Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller von Königsberg).
After Grüninger’s death in ca. 1531, the business was continued by his son Christoph, who seems to have sold the materials for the Ptolemy to two Lyon publishers, the brothers Melchior and Gaspar Trechsel, who published a joint edition in 1535, before Gaspar Trechsel published an edition in his own right in 1541.

The post Anadolu Haritası appeared first on Emre Gurcay Collection.

The post Anadolu Haritası appeared first on Emre Gurcay Collection.

From “Geographia Antiqua, 1686”.

The post Anadolu Haritası appeared first on Emre Gurcay Collection.

Florence / 1482

33 x 37 cm, uncolored

Berlingheri’s map of Cyprus & Turkey is one of the earliest printed maps of the region. Perhaps most notably, it is the first regional map to utilize a style which is notably different from the Nicholas Germanicus model and adopt a different means for projecting the printed landmasses represented on the maps:

Francesco Berlinghieri (1440-1501) was a Florentine engraver. Nicolas Laurentii published Berlinghieri’s edition of Ptolemy, which was written in Italian terza rima, comprising 123 folios of text and 31 engraved maps. The work was first printed in 1482, but most surviving examples come from the edition of 1486, which was the first edition to include red printing in the title page. The full title is Geographia. In Questo Volume Si Congengono Septe Giornate Della Geographia Di Francesco Berlingeri Fiorentino Allo Illustrissimo Federigo Duca . . .

Berlinghieri’s edition of Ptolemy is unique, in that it includes 31 maps covering Europe, northern Africa and the south part of Asia and is the first atlas to attempt the introduction of modern geography, with the inclusion of four new maps – France, Italy, Spain and Palestine, which are based on contemporary knowledge. rather than a strict plotting of Ptolemy’s coordinates. A number of other maps in the Berlinghieri edition of Ptolemy include data which is drawn from modern sources, albeit more subtlety so, in part because of transcription errors and in part because of corrections made over time by later scholars.

While Berlinghieri’s atlas was the third Italian printed edition of Ptolemy, it was very important in other respects. Berlinghieri’s Ptolemaic regional maps are drawn on Marinus’ plane projection; and although not generally considered an edition of Ptolemy, the maps are the only examples of Ptolemy’s maps to be drawn on the original projection, with equidistant meridians and parallels. Berlinghieri’s work was also the first to include a printed Gazetteer for each of the maps.

The text by Berlingheiri is a metrical paraphrase of Ptolemy, the first atlas in the Italian language. Francesco Berlinghieri was an Italian scholar and humanist. He promoted the value of classical Greek learning and therefore was the first to print an edition of Ptolemy in vernacular Italian, rather than Latin. The maps look distorted as compared to modern maps, because Ptolemy’s data was inaccurate. One reason is that Ptolemy estimated the size of the Earth as too small: while Eratosthenes of Cyrene, a Greek mathematician, elegiac poet, athlete, geographer, and astronomer, made several discoveries and inventions including a system of latitude and longitude and conceived the idea of 700 stadia for a degree on the globe, in the Geographia Ptolemy uses 500 stadia. It is not certain if these geographers used the same stadion, but if we assume that they both stuck to the traditional Attic stadion of about 185 meters, then the older estimate is 1/6 too large, and Ptolemy’s value is 1/6 too small. Because Ptolemy derived most of his topographic coordinates by converting measured distances to angles, his maps get distorted. So his values for the latitude were in error by up to 2 degrees. For longitude this was even worse, because there was no reliable method to determine geographic longitude.

Ptolemy was well aware of this. It must be added that his original topographic list cannot be reconstructed: the long tables with numbers were transmitted to posterity through copies containing many scribal errors, and people have always been adding or improving the topographic data: this is a testimony to the persistent popularity of this influential work in the history of cartography..

Francesco Berlinghieri Biography
Francesco Berlinghieri (1440-1501) was a Florentine engraver. Nicolas Laurentii published Berlinghieri’s edition of Ptolemy, which was written in Italian terza rima, comprising 123 folios of text and 31 engraved maps. The work was first printed in 1482, but most surviving examples come from the edition of 1486, which was the first edition to include red printing in the title page. The full title is Geographia. In Questo Volume Si Congengono Septe Giornate Della Geographia Di Francesco Berlingeri Fiorentino Allo Illustrissimo Federigo Duca . . .
Berlinghieri’s edition of Ptolemy is unique, in that it includes 31 maps covering Europe, northern Africa and the south part of Asia and is the first atlas to attempt the introduction of modern geography, with the inclusion of four new maps – France, Italy, Spain and Palestine, which are based on contemporary knowledge. rather than a strict plotting of Ptolemy’s coordinates. A number of other maps in the Berlinghieri edition of Ptolemy include data which is drawn from modern sources, albeit more subtlely so, in part because of transcription errors and in part because of corrections made over time by later scholars.
While Berlinghieri’s atlas was the third Italian printed edition of Ptolemy, it was very important in other respects. Berlinghieri’s Ptolemaic regional maps are drawn on Marinus’ plane projection; and although not generally considered an edition of Ptolemy, the maps are the only examples of Ptolemy’s maps to be drawn on the original projection, with equidistant meridians and parallels. Berlinghieri’s work was also the first to include a printed Gazetteer for each of the maps.
The text by Berlingheiri is a metrical paraphrase of Ptolemy, the first atlas in the Italian language. Francesco Berlinghieri was an Italian scholar and humanist. He promoted the value of classical Greek learning and therefore was the first to print an edition of Ptolemy in vernacular Italian, rather than Latin. The maps look distorted as compared to modern maps, because Ptolemy’s data was inaccurate. One reason is that Ptolemy estimated the size of the Earth as too small: while Eratosthenes of Cyrene, a Greek mathematician, elegiac poet, athlete, geographer, and astronomer, made several discoveries and inventions including a system of latitude and longitude and conceived the idea of 700 stadia for a degree on the globe, in the Geographia Ptolemy uses 500 stadia. It is not certain if these geographers used the same stadion, but if we assume that they both stuck to the traditional Attic stadion of about 185 meters, then the older estimate is 1/6 too large, and Ptolemy’s value is 1/6 too small. Because Ptolemy derived most of his topographic coordinates by converting measured distances to angles, his maps get distorted. So his values for the latitude were in error by up to 2 degrees. For longitude this was even worse, because there was no reliable method to determine geographic longitude.
Ptolemy was well aware of this. It must be added that his original topographic list cannot be reconstructed: the long tables with numbers were transmitted to posterity through copies containing many scribal errors, and people have always been adding or improving the topographic data: this is a testimony to the persistent popularity of this influential work in the history of cartography..

The post Anadolu Haritası appeared first on Emre Gurcay Collection.

Abraham Ortelius is perhaps the best known and most frequently collected of all sixteenth- century mapmakers. Ortelius started his career as a map engraver. In 1547 he entered the Antwerp guild of St Luke as afsetter van Karten. His early career was as a business man, and most of his journeys before 1560 were for commercial purposes. In 1560, while traveling with Gerard Mercator to Trier, Lorraine, and Poitiers, he seems to have been attracted, largely by Mercator’s influence, towards a career as a scientific geographer. From that point forward, he devoted himself to the compilation his Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Theatre of the World), which would become the first modern atlas.
In 1564 he completed his “mappemonde”, an eight-sheet map of the world. The only extant copy of this great map is in the library of the University of Basle. Ortelius also published a map of Egypt in 1565, a plan of Brittenburg Castle on the coast of the Netherlands, and a map of Asia, prior to 1570.
On May 20, 1570, Ortelius’ Theatrum Orbis Terrarum first appeared in an edition of 53 maps. By the time of his death in 1598, a total of 25 editions were published including editions in Latin, Italian, German, French, and Dutch. Later editions would also be issued in Spanish and English by Ortelius’ successors, Vrients and Plantin, the former adding a number of maps to the atlas, the final edition of which was issued in 1612. Most of the maps in Ortelius Theatrum were drawn from the works of a number of other mapmakers from around the world; a list of 87 authors is given by Ortelius himself

In 1573, Ortelius published seventeen supplementary maps under the title
of Additamentum Theatri Orbis Terrarum. In 1575 he was appointed geographer to the king of Spain, Philip II, on the recommendation of Arias Montanus, who vouched for his orthodoxy (his family, as early as 1535, had fallen under suspicion of Protestantism). In 1578 he laid the basis of a critical treatment of ancient geography
with his Synonymia geographica (issued by the Plantin press at Antwerp and republished as Thesaurus geographicus in 1596). In 1584 he issued his Nomenclator Ptolemaicus,
a Parergon (a series of maps illustrating ancient history, sacred and secular.) Late in life, he also aided Welser in his edition of the Peutinger Table in 1598.

The post Anadolu Haritası appeared first on Emre Gurcay Collection.

The map is from “La Geographie Recourcie” by Bertius, issued by Jodocus Hondius in Amsterdam
Petrus Bertius 1565 -1629 Also known Pieter or Peter Bertius of Flemish birth he was educated at Leiden University and was a theologian, historian and mathematician of some standing, but is remembered chiefly for his cartographic works.His brothers in law Joducus Hondius and Pieter Van Den Keere were also highly successful cartographers and engraved many of the maps for the Tabularum Geographicum Contractarum
Bertius maps were used in other geography books notably Paulii Merulae Cosmographiae
Printed in another Cosmographiae By I do not know who
Bertius maps were used in Paulii Merulae Cosmographia but that had latin text

The post Anadolu Haritası appeared first on Emre Gurcay Collection.

VAUGONDY, Didier Robert de

Paris, 1756

61 x 48 cm.

Detailed map of Cyprus, Asia Minor and contiguous Islands and the Black Sea region, from De Vaugondy’s Atlas Universel.
Didier Robert de Vaugondy Biography
Didier Robert de Vaugondy (ca. 1723-1786) was the son of prominent geographer Gilles Robert de Vaugondy and Didier carried on his father’s impressive work. Together, they published their best-known work, the Atlas Universel (1757). The atlas took fifteen years to create and was released in a folio and ¾ folio edition; both are rare and highly sought-after today. Together and individually, father and son were known for their exactitude and depth of research.
Like his father, Didier served as geographer to King Louis XV. He was especially recognized for his skills in globe making; for example, a pair of his globes made for the Marquise de Pompadour are today in the collection of the Municipal Museum of Chartres. Didier was also the geographer to the Duke of Lorraine. In 1773, he was appointed royal censor in charge of monitoring the information published in geography texts, navigational tracts, and travel accounts.

The post Anadolu Haritası appeared first on Emre Gurcay Collection.